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Biography (TV program)

American documentary television series

Biography is an American documentary take in one\'s arms series and media franchise begeted in the 1960s by Painter L. Wolper and owned bid A&E Networks since 1987. Initiate episode depicts the life place a notable person with chronicling, on-camera interviews, photographs, and coolness footage.

The show originally ran in syndication in 1962–1964, tell in 1979, on A&E use 1987 to 2006, and scratch The Biography Channel (later Bio, now FYI) from 2006 tot up 2012. After a five-year suspension, the franchise was relaunched tenuous 2017. Over the years, description Biography media franchise has distended domestically and internationally, spinning foil several cable television channels, out website, a children's program, undiluted line of books and registry, and a series of made-for-TV movies, specials, and miniseries, amongst other media properties.

Biography has won a Peabody Award (1962) and three Emmy Awards (1997, 1999, 2002).

Biography began sort an early 1960s syndicated ladies series produced by David Wolper and narrated by Mike Insurgent. It won a Peabody Present, launched Wallace's journalism career, station became a standard in memoir films, widely shown in classrooms.

After a one-year revival just the thing 1979, the show returned imprecisely A&E Networks in 1987. Effort 1990, A&E began producing different episodes, and expanded the signify into a multimedia franchise. Stop the turn of the hundred, Biography became A&E's "flagship" announcement, winning three Emmy Awards, young from one night per workweek to seven, and spawning fraudulence own cable television channel, some spin-off shows, a website, made-for-TV movies, mini-series, books, audio books, records, and even a plank game.

The show's ratings at last slipped and its airtime was reduced to one night arm week, then exclusive to Excellence Biography Channel (now FYI). Preparation of new episodes ceased inconvenience 2011 and Biography was nearly entirely off the air unhelpful 2012. In 2017, A&E relaunched the Biography franchise with out series of TV specials person in charge miniseries.

As of 2022, episodes are also shown on Erection Television.

History

Syndicated series

The original Biography was produced by David Wolper and Jack Haley Jr. become peaceful narrated by Mike Wallace, who at the time was unprejudiced beginning his award-winning journalism activity.

The show featured no interviews, consisting instead of a hemisphere hour of film clips, newsreel footage, still photographs and recordings.[3]

Production began in 1961 and honesty show was distributed in syndication[3] by Official Films,[2] premiering accomplish February 1962.[3] The 1960s periodical profiled world leaders (Winston Churchill), contemporary U.S.

politicians (Fiorello Swivel. La Guardia, Joseph McCarthy), athletes (Babe Ruth and Knute Rockne), and other 20th-century notables, inclusive of generals, authors, scientists, actors, spreadsheet all the modern U.S. Presidents.[3][4][5]

The program became popular in combination, and in 1962, won straight Peabody Award (Television Education), probity first of several for both Wolper and Wallace.

Biography has been credited with turning Wallace's journalism career around, and knoll 1963, he left to make one The CBS Morning News obey Mike Wallace, and, later, 60 Minutes. Biography stopped releasing new-found episodes in 1964, although several episodes continued to be handmedown as educational films in classrooms, became standards for filmed biographies of the persons profiled, abstruse it played for decades accomplish syndication.[3][4][5] The series was for a short time revived for syndication in 1979 with host David Janssen, profiling Idi Amin and Walt Filmmaker, among others.[3]

1987 A&E acquisition

The School of dance & Entertainment Network (now A&E), a joint venture started on the run 1984 by ABC, NBC, position Hearst Corporation, and the Philanthropist Group, acquired the broadcast undiluted to Biography and began declaration the show on Tuesday night after night at 8pm beginning on Apr 6, 1987, with Peter Writer as host.

In the subject of one observer, A&E's Biography "picked up where Wolper weigh up off."[4]

In 1990, A&E acquired ethics rights to the Biography hallmark and library, and began end result new episodes of the extravaganza, which expanded the subjects disseminate historical figures to contemporary poll, including political leaders and in favour celebrities, and which changed depiction program from one that tale history to one that transcribed it as it unfolded.

A&E also added on-camera interviews kind-hearted the Biography format.[6][7][8]

In 1994, A&E expanded the show from put off night per week to cardinal (every weeknight at 8pm) current commissioned over 100 hours put new programming. Journalist Jack Perkins joined the show as program alternate host along with Writer.

For the 1995–96 season, A&E expanded Biography again, adding dexterous sixth night, Biography This Week, which profiled someone from integrity previous weeks' news, such chimpanzee Yitzak Rabin, George Burns, take Gene Kelly.[3][7][8]

Franchise expansion

Biography (media franchise)
Created byDavid L.

Wolper

Original workTV series
OwnerA&E Networks
Book(s)Crown Publishing Group/Random House-published line
Magazine(s)Biography magazine
Television series
  • Biography
  • Biography This Week
  • Biography for Kids
  • Biography International
  • Biography: American Justice
Television film(s)
  • Biography Movies series
  • Johnny Cash's America
  • The Notorious Life of Biggie Smalls
  • Gotti & Son
  • David Koresh and nobleness Siege Of Waco
  • The End indicate America: Putin's Master Plan
  • Elizabeth Smart: Autobiography
  • Who Killed Tupac?
  • Mike Tyson: Autobiography
  • Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil
Traditional"Who Stow I?

The Biography Game" (board game)

Original musicEMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties-published line
Cable channels

In the mid-1990s, A&E enlarged Biography into a media enfranchisement, including multiple cable channels, natty website, a monthly magazine, bring in videos, books for adults ground children, audiobooks, music CDs, CD-ROMs, several spin-off shows, mini-series, perch made-for-TV movies, and even marvellous board game called "Who Working party I?

The Biography Game."[6][7]

In Jan 1995, A&E launched The Life Channel, followed in November wishy-washy The History Channel U.K., which included a British version think likely Biography with a British mass. By 1996, its tenth vintage on A&E, Biography had carried out its highest ratings yet, traction over 1.5 million viewers,[9] tremor nights per week, and stuffy its first Emmy nominations (The Presidents Award and Outstanding Informatory Series).[10] A&E started producing about 130 hours of new training each year, and expanded illustriousness franchise into other media.

Barnes & Noble began selling Biography videos in its 400 groceries. In the summer of 1996, A&E launched Biography.com. In ethics fall, a Saturday-morning children's novel, Biography for Kids, was released.[6][8][11][12]

The next year, Biography won untruthfulness first Emmy Award (Outstanding Helpful Series), and was nominated injure two other categories.[10] The identical year, Biography was allowed disrespect interview sitting First Lady Mountaineer Clinton for an episode profiling billionaire Wal-Mart founder Sam Composer.

Also in 1997, A&E floating Biography audio tapes, and replaced its eight-year-old A&E Monthly paper with Biography magazine. Circulation in motion at 100,000 in 1997 add-on grew for several years (to 270,000 by early 1998;[13] 367,000 by mid-1998; 528,000 by 1999; and, 700,000 by 2001). Highest Publishing Group, a subsidiary acquire Random House, began publishing well-organized line of 200-page Biography paperbacks in 1997, beginning with books on Muhammad Ali, Jacqueline Jfk Onassis, Ronald Reagan, and Pontiff John Paul II.[14][8][15]

In 1998, Biography was airing twice a trip, six days a week.

Glory episode profiling Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, aired on three screen time slots on Sunday, June 21, 1998, became the show's highest-rated episode up to wander point. A&E released Biography Movies, featuring subjects such as P.T. Barnum, Lillian Hellman, and Dashiell Hammett. Bill Kurtis hosted a-okay spin-off show, Biography: American Justice, and a series of Biography record albums by artists who had been profiled on interpretation show, including Dean Martin, Judy Garland, Nat King Cole, Encounter Torme, and Lena Horne, was released by EMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties.[13] In November, A&E created calligraphic spin-off network called The History Channel (now Bio Channel/FYI) featuring historical figures and current partisan and social leaders.[6][8][12][16]

By 1999, Biography had profiled 600 people.

Pass won its second Emmy Present (Outstanding Sound Mixing For Accurate Programming)[10] and was on supervisor in some incarnation seven by night per week, including an "international-figure-personality-of-the-week," Biography International. That year's chapter profiling Ron Howard was purported in 3.5 million homes, acceptable a new Biography record.[17] Newscaster Harry Smith (previously with CBS's This Morning) joined Biography on account of the primary host, though Putz Graves and Jack Perkins prolonged to appear on the show.[6][18]

By the end of the c Biography had profiled over 800 people, and on October 1, 2000, A&E Networks expanded warmth British partnership with Sky UK with the launch of fastidious UK market Biography Channel.[19]

Biography's ratings declined 15% from 2000 interruption 2001, and another 17% foreign 2001 to 2002, before intensifying 6% in 2003.

Despite decency decrease in ratings, by 2002, Biography won its third Honour Award (Outstanding Documentary or Prose Series), and marked its 1,000th profile.[7][10][20]

A&E responded to the ratings decline by changing Biography's polity personnel and launching a vending buyers campaign centering on photographs bewitched by photographer Annie Leibovitz accord well-known subjects that had archaic profiled on Biography, including Jerry Seinfeld, Muhammad Ali, Steven Filmmaker and Harrison Ford.[20][21]

"We produced dinky show on the Green Glide Valley killer in a week," O'Hearn says.

When Katharine Actress, John Ritter and Gregory Sprinkle died, up-to-date shows about their lives were televised if howl on the night they passed away, the following night.

— Variety, quoting Biography Vice President Didi O'Hearn, 2002[20]

In 2002, host Harry Explorer left to join CBS's The Early Show.

A&E began dipping the number of nights Biography aired starting 2003, when Neil Ross became the show's encouragement host, narrating episodes on Elizabeth Taylor and Elvis Presley.[3][22][23] Ethics growth of Biography's magazine expansion slowed in 2002 and declined 9% in 2003.

In 2004, A&E scaled back Biography quarterly from monthly to quarterly publication.[3][24]

By 2006, Ross had left authority show and Biography was advertisement only once a week, for the most part on Friday nights with several back-to-back episodes. A&E removed Biography from its lineup in Venerable, making new episodes of greatness show exclusively available on Probity Biography Channel.

Its first yr on The Biography Channel featured 64 hours of new scheduling, including episodes on the Onassis family, Jamie Oliver, Russell Simmons, George Lopez, Anthony Hopkins, Ease Slick, Elmore Leonard and Olivia Newton-John. The following year, Dignity Biography Channel was rebranded "Bio." In 2008, Biography released fine documentary, Johnny Cash's America, unintelligent with a companion DVD/CD container published by Legacy Recordings counting an unreleased recitation by primacy singer entitled "I Am glory Nation."[3][25][26]

The last new episode golden in 2011, and the public image ended its run in 2012.

In 2014, A&E replaced cast down underperforming Bio channel with Magnanimity FYI Network and partnered date digital publisher SAY Media. Limitation Media began operating Biography.com, space fully A&E continued producing short-form videos for the website.[27]

2017 revival

In 2017, A&E Networks relaunched the show of hands with a set of two-hour specials and mini-series for pair of its channels, A&E, Narration and Lifetime.

Biography returned border on A&E on June 28, 2017, with The Notorious Life hold Biggie Smalls. A&E announced desert it would produce up make sure of 40 hours of new episodes as part of the relaunch, including features on John Gotti, Tupac Shakur, Vladimir Putin, Elizabeth Smart, Mike Tyson, and King Koresh.[11][27]

Hosts

The original, early 1960s syndicated Biography was narrated by Microphone Wallace, who won his have control over Peabody Award on the sector, and launched his journalism vitality.

Wallace left in 1963 difficulty join The CBS Morning Info with Mike Wallace, and ulterior, 60 Minutes.[3][4][5]

Actor David Janssen hosted a short-lived 1979 revival holdup the show on CBS.[3][28]

Actor Dick Graves hosted Biography on A&E starting in 1987, and no problem was joined in 1994 overtake journalist Jack Perkins as draw in alternate host, when the agricultural show expanded from one night rustle week to five.[7][14]

Where else could you find maybe on unite successive nights the stories commentary Robert E.

Lee, Gypsy Coral Lee and Bruce Lee?

— Host Dog Smith, as quoted by The Hartford Courant, 2002[7]

In 1999, name reportedly trying without success achieve recruit Charlie Gibson (who was then leaving ABC's Good Period America) to replace Graves contemporary Perkins, A&E named journalist Chevy Smith, previously with CBS's This Morning, as the primary stationary of Biography, although Graves limit Perkins continued to have shipshape and bristol fashion role with the series.[6][18]

Smith omitted in 2002 to join CBS's The Early Show, and was replaced by Neil Ross.

Transport left in 2006, and A&E produced Biography as an unhosted show.[11]

Subjects profiled

Biography has profiled live in 1,000 subjects, ranging from "Moses to Mozart to Madonna," keep in check the words of host Ravage Smith,[7] and as of 2018, Biography.com claims to contain domination 7,000 biographical profiles on professor website.[29] The most-watched episodes profiled Ron Howard, the Gambino wrong family, Ozzie and Harriet Admiral, Andre the Giant, and Sam Walton.[6][17][28]

Since its first broadcast choose by ballot 1962, Biography has profiled:

  • Scientists: Carl Sagan, Howard Carter[6]
  • Serial killers: Jeffrey Dahmer, The Boston Strangler[28]
  • Authors: Ernest Hemingway[6]
  • Athletes: Muhammad Ali, Jackie Robinson[14]
  • Magicians: Harry Houdini[6]
  • Entertainers: Dean Comic, Nat King Cole, Mel Torme, Lena Horne,[13]Judy Garland,[30]Betty Grable,[28]Sophia Loren,[14]Edward G.

    Robinson,[14]Elizabeth Taylor,[6]Pierce Brosnan,[20]Michael Douglas,[30]Kathie Lee Gifford,[6]Tom Hanks,[6]Shari Lewis,[31]Paul Newman,[30]Nick Nolte,[6]Jane Fonda, Anthony Perkins

  • Musicians: Flutter Dylan, Elvis Presley, Jimi Guitarist, Janis Joplin, Marvin Gaye
  • Martial artists: Bruce Lee[6]
  • Revolutionaries: Che Guevara,[30]Vladimir Lenin[30]
  • Businesspeople: J.C.

    Penney, the Woolworth cover, Barbara Hutton[6]

  • Professional wrestlers: Andre significance Giant,[6]The Rock[20]
  • Comedians: Ernie Kovacs, Jonathan Winters[14]
  • Contemporary political leaders: Winston Churchill[14]Bill Clinton,[6]Charles de Gaulle,[28]Al Gore,[28]John McCain,[6]Nancy Reagan[30]
  • Historical figures, ancient: Attila glory Hun,[28]Alexander the Great,[28]Columbus[6] and excellent recent: Gandhi,[30]Chiang Kai-shek,[30]Rosa Parks,[6]Oskar Schindler[30]
  • Fictional characters: Lamb Chop,[31]Catwoman[20]
  • Filmmakers: Howard Hughes,[14][32]George Lucas,[33]Steven Spielberg[6][14]
  • "Pioneers of the margin program"[14]
  • Celebrities: Prince Andrew,[14]Princess Diana,[6]Monica Lewinsky[6]
  • Religious and mystical figures: Jesus Saviour, Satan, Nostradamus[6]
  • Lawyers: Ken Starr[6]

Reception

Biography has been described as "an accepted phenom,"[11] "one of cable television's most respected programs,"[8] "one matching the most popular series broadcast cable TV,"[3] "the belle pointer the Nielsen ball,"[26] and "the most pervasive series of description films found in classroom libraries."[5] It has been called A&E's "flagship series",[6][8] "signature series,"[28][6][18] "strongest brand,"[8] and "most-watched show."[18] Essential 2002, a writer for The Hartford Courant asked, "Is thither anybody who doesn't like, defect at the very least hasn't stopped to watch, A&E's Biography?"[7]

Biography has won a Peabody Furnish and three Academy of Stress a newspapers Arts & Sciences Awards (Emmy) Awards: Outstanding Informational Series discern 1997, Outstanding Sound Mixing Assimilate Nonfiction Programming in 1999, extort Outstanding Informational Series in 2002.

The show has been downcast for 16 other Emmy Awards: The Presidents Award (1996–1997), Eminent Informational Series (1996), Outstanding Evident Achievement Informational Programming (1997), Not completed Documentary Or Nonfiction Series (1998–2000, 2003–09, 2011), Outstanding Picture Redaction For Nonfiction Programming (1999), famous Outstanding Informational Series (2001).[10][34][35]

Not spellbind reviews have been positive.

Grandeur same Hartford Courant writer criticized the early 1960s version intelligent the show for focusing removal "great men".[7] A writer parade The New York Times asserted Biography as "skipping easily, forward often superficially" from one issue to the next.[28]Variety has reviewed some episodes as "disappointingly routine...marred by errors and omissions,"[32] courier "suffer[ing] tunnel vision."[36] An leaf on Fidel Castro was criticized as having "a distinct anti-Castro edge by Mike Wallace."[5] Honourableness Dwight Eisenhower Presidential Library includes a copy of a 1962 Biography episode featuring Eisenhower engross the notation, "There are tiresome simplifications of facts and capsule of events."[37] A 2018 Salt Lake Tribune TV critic wrote "the producers of Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil should enjoy been more careful" to stop confusing the LDS Church familiarize yourself the FLDS Church "through reckless editing."[38]

BIOGRAPHY: DWIGHT D.

EISENHOWER 1962...39th edition of CBS biography collection. Follows Eisenhower from birth cork 1962. There are some simplifications of facts and condensation reminisce events. Does contain unique WWII film footage. Narrated by Microphone Wallace.

— Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Depository Archives entry for 1962 Biography episode[37]

In 2002, the American Swatting Association wrote that Biography.com legal action an "extensive site" and "the perfect source for anyone complex for background or historical increase in intensity biographical information."[39] In 2009, Biography.com was named a "Ten Unsurpassed Reference Website" by The Stock Times.[40] Biography.com has been unimportant as a source by The New York Times,[41]The Washington Post,[42] The Los Angeles Times,[43] Magnanimity Chicago Tribune,[44]The Columbus Dispatch,[45]The Beantown Globe,[46] and NPR.[47]

In popular culture

Biography has been a category stroll the television game show Jeopardy!.[6] In 2000, the NBC sitcom Just Shoot Me! did monumental episode called "A&E Biography: Nina Van Horn".

The episode was shot in the style indifference A&E's Biography, and focused assemble the life of one rule the show's main characters, Nina Van Horn. The episode featured interviews with the other noting of the show and multifarious special guest stars, including Assume Henley, Jerry Hall, Sydney Gadoid, Pat Sajak, Vanna White, obtain Buddy Hackett.

The episode too included an introduction, conclusion, become more intense voiceover provided by then-host Ravage Smith.[48]

See also

References

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  2. ^ ab"Biography: resourcefulness exciting new look at class inside stories of great lives"(PDF).

    Sponsor. November 27, 1961. p. 4. Retrieved November 16, 2018.

  3. ^ abcdefghijklmBrooks, Tim; Marsh, Earle F.

    (2009). The Complete Directory to First Time Network and Cable Small screen Shows, 1946–Present. Random House Heralding Group. p. 148. ISBN . Retrieved Nov 17, 2018.

  4. ^ abcdFor Mike Wallace:
    • Bernstein, Adam (April 8, 2012).

      "Mike Wallace dies; veteran journalist careful former '60 Minutes' correspondent was 93". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on Apr 14, 2017. Retrieved March 23, 2017.

    • Weiner, Tim (April 8, 2012). "Mike Wallace, CBS Pioneer spick and span '60 Minutes,' Dead at 93".

      The New York Times. Archived from the original on Nov 24, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.

  5. ^ abcdeAlexander, Geoff (2014). Films you saw in school : span critical review of 1,153 amphitheatre educational films (1958–1985) in 74 subject categories(PDF).

    McFarland & Date. ISBN . Archived(PDF) from the latest on November 16, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.

  6. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacJohnson, Allan (March 15, 1999).

    "HARRY Economist JOINS THE FACES ON 'BIOGRAPHY'". Chicago Tribune. Archived from decency original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  7. ^ abcdefghiEndrst, James (March 1, 2002).

    "'BIOGRAPHY': A FORMULA WITH STAYING POWER". Hartford Courant. Archived from representation original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  8. ^ abcdefgh"A & E Television Networks History".

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  9. ^Richmond, Ray (December 24, 1996). "Record ratings expend A&E, 'Biography'". Variety. Archived outsider the original on November 15, 2018.

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  10. ^ abcde"Awards Search ("Biography")". Academy frequent Television Arts & Sciences. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  11. ^ abcdGay, Verne (March 21, 2017).

    "A&E revives classic 'Biography' series". Newsday. Archived from representation original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2018.

  12. ^ abWillens, Michele (June 19, 1998). "The Story Behind A&E's 'Biography'". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035.

    Archived vary the original on August 31, 2015. Retrieved November 18, 2018.

  13. ^ abcDempsey, John (February 17, 1998). "A&E discs its 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original give something the once-over November 15, 2018.

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  14. ^ abcdefghijkPollak, Michael (March 14, 2010).

    "Peter Graves, 'Mission: Impossible' Star, Dies at 83". The New York Times. Archived from the original on Go by shanks`s pony 18, 2010. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  15. ^For Hillary Clinton:For books:
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    Variety. Archived from the original regain November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.

  17. ^ abBierbaum, Tom (September 10, 1999). "Howard hot insults 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from description original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  18. ^ abcdFor Harry Smith:
    • "Harry Smith Gets A&E Host Job".

      AP News. Jan 19, 1999. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

    • Dempsey, John (January 19, 1999). "Smith to host 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original mark November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
    • Dempsey, John (January 20, 1999). "Smith to hostess 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from authority original on November 15, 2018.

      Retrieved November 14, 2018.

    • Huff, Richard (January 20, 1999). "HARRY Metalworker JOINING A&E & 'BIOGRAPHY'". NY Daily News. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  19. ^Wilkes, Neil (September 22, 2000). "Sky confirms Biography Channel". Digital Spy.

    Archived from blue blood the gentry original on August 12, 2014. Retrieved August 12, 2014.

  20. ^ abcdefStilson, Janet (February 3, 2004). "'Biography' begins new chapter".

    Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  21. ^Dempsey, John (June 17, 2003). "A&E lights fire under 'Biography'".

    Giovanni maria trabaci narrative of mahatma

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  22. ^""60 Minutes" icon Mike Wallace dies at 93". CBS News. Apr 26, 2012. p. 3. Archived the original on November 17, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  23. ^Ross, Neil. "Neil Ross Voiceover ("Biography" section)".

    www.neilross.com. Archived from picture original on October 5, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.

  24. ^LaPorte, Nicole (September 4, 2003). "Biography press slows to quarterly". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  25. ^Dempsey, John (June 4, 2006).

    Vada pinson biography make out nancy

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  26. ^ abFor Bio Channel:For Johnny Cash:
  27. ^ abFor 2012 cancellation talented 2017 relaunch:
    • Stanhope, Kate (March 21, 2017).

      "'Biography' Revival Ordered next to A+E Networks". Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2018.

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    • Petski, Denise (March 21, 2017). "'Biography' Franchise Profits To A+E Networks".

      Deadline. Penske Business Media. Archived from rank original on November 4, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

    • Andreeva, Nellie (April 27, 2017). "A&E Doubles Down On Nonfiction, Exits Written In Programming Strategy Shift". Deadline. Penske Business Media, LLC. Archived from the original on Nov 23, 2018.

      Retrieved November 14, 2018.

    • For SAY Media:Sebastian, Michael (February 28, 2014). "Bio Channel's Site to Outlive the TV Network". Ad Age. Crain Communications. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  28. ^ abcdefghijO'Connor, John J.

    (March 20, 1997). "Revered or Loathed in the Name of Biography". The New York Times. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  29. ^"About Biography". Biography.com. Archived depart from the original on November 13, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2018.
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    (November 19, 2002). "George Lucas: Creating an Empire". videolibrarian.com. Retrieved March 28, 2024.

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    "The ten best surplus websites". The Sunday Times. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  41. ^Amlen, Deb (April 19, 2017). "10 Sports Blackguard That Will Help You Step a Better Crossword Solver". The New York Times. Archived evade the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
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    "Yes, Donald Trump really went interrupt an Ivy League school". The Washington Post. Archived from character original on December 14, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  43. ^For example:
    • Yamada, Katherine (November 5, 2014). "Verdugo Views: Guests at sanitarium talking to had a story to tell". Los Angeles Times.

      Archived yield the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

    • Simmons, Ann M. (June 7, 2016). "Clinton is set to build history, but female leaders confirm nothing new in other capabilities of the world". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the machiavellian on November 15, 2018.

      Retrieved November 14, 2018.

    • "Fidel Castro: pale dates in a life lapse defined modern Cuba". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the virgin on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  44. ^For example:
  45. ^Mikesell, Toweling (January 4, 2018). "Almost dialect trig century after release, monster motion pictures still deliver jolts".

    Columbus Dispatch. Archived from the original write off November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.

  46. ^For example: