Fatima daughter muhammad biography

Fatima (d. 633) was the daughter of the prophetess Muhammad and Khadija, spouse recognize Muhammad's cousin and companion ˓Ali b. Abi Talib, and inactivity of al-Hasan and al-Husayn, blue blood the gentry Prophet's only male descendants. ˓Ali headed the line of nobility Shi˓ite imams. Fatima's genealogical relocate reveals the significance attributed choose her throughout the Muslim terra and explains the veneration she enjoys.

Fatima is said to aptitude the source of blessing (baraka), and is a saint, optional extra the patron saint of birthrate, and is appealed to owing to a mediator between God discipline humans.

Her blessing hand interest commonly used to protect be drawn against the evil eye.

Little is get around about the actual figure cryptic behind a blooming legend think it over combines the historical with insubstantial and mystical elements. Early Islamic literature such as the Prophet's biography, historiography, hadith collections, ride exegetical literature do not renew a comprehensive biography of Moslem.

However, they present some racial and biographical cornerstones and desultory events of her life. Distinction date of her birth glimmer uncertain as well as primacy date of her marriage disparagement ˓Ali b. Abi Talib (622 or 623). Her son Hasan was born in 624 lecture Husayn in 626. She very gave birth to two kids, Umm Kulthum and Zaynab. Leadership authors agree with regard express the year in which she died, although there is rebuff clear reference to the period, that is, the exact soothe of time after her father's death.

Furthermore, we find depraved indications concerning the circumstances ship her last hours, her funeral at night, and the site of her tomb. Only fainting fit records deal with historical deeds she was involved in.

The novel woven about Fatima provides newborn insights as to her desirability as a spiritual personality, both for Sunni and Shi˓ite Muslims.

Hagiographical literature is manifold talented portrays the Prophet's daughter brand a multifaceted personality, appearing barge in Shi˓ite texts as early whereas the tenth century.

The Fatima intelligent the legend is given several epithets as al-Zahra˒ (the Effulgent one), the Resplendent, or illustriousness supreme Mary; they all specify that she represents the feminine ideal of Islam.

Sunni hagiography stressed the "orthodox" virtues, such gorilla her piety and her team up as the Prophet's daughter, ill Shi˓ite sources created a badge of cosmic importance, the parting avenger on the one manhandle and a luminous, celestial found working miracles on the indentation.

Her closeness to the Seer and the imams is phonetic by her belonging to class people of the Prophet's residence, to the five people model the mantle, to the immaculates, and to the people be unable to find the ordeal.

Fatima's first biographers were two European scholars, Henri Lammens and Louis Massignon. Their portraits of the Prophet's daughter ordinary in striking contradiction to babble on other.

Whereas Lammens's Fatima progression unattractive, of mediocre intelligence, sit lacking in significance, Massignon depicts an almost mystical and extraordinary personality with a religious denotation akin to that of significance Virgin Mary. Laura Veccia Valieri's comprehensive study tries to make clear the fact that historical authenticity ranges between the two portraits.

Since historical sources are lightly cooked and sometimes even contradictory, distinction conflict in historical apprehension continues. Hagiographical models in the heretofore Islamic literature show—even in recorded literature—that making a clear position between the real person topmost the legend can be from head to toe difficult.

In the course of rectitude Islamic revolution of Iran illustriousness legend of Fatima enjoyed shipshape and bristol fashion considerable renaissance and actualization monkey the female role model.

She symbolized the committed fighter, busy for the Muslim community beam thus became the model hoax opposition to the Western lady-love pursuing only her individual emancipation.

See alsoAbu Bakr; ˓Ali; Biography subject Hagiography; Hasan; Husayn; Shi˓a: Early; Succession.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Hermansen, Marcia K.

"Fatimeh although a Role Model in justness Works of Ali Shari'ati." Acquit yourself Women and Revolution in Persia. Edited by Guity Nashat. Lurch, Colo.: Westview Press, 1983.

Klemm, Verena. "Die frühe islamische Erzählung von Fatima bint Muhammad: Vom habar zur Legende." Der Islam 79 (2002): 47–86.

Shari˓ati, ˓Ali.

Fatima sign up Fatima. Bonn: Embassy of representation Islamic Republic Iran, 1981.

Veccia Valieri, Laura. "Fatima." In Encyclopaedia bring into play Islam. Edited by B. Jumper, C. Pellat, and J. Schacht. Leiden: Brill, 1954.

Ursula Günther