Guy de maupassant biography short story

French writer (1850–1893)

In that article, the surname is Maupassant, not de Maupassant.

Guy de Maupassant
Photograph rough Nadar
Born	Henri René Albert Guy uneven Maupassant (1850-08-05)5 August 1850 Tourville-sur-Arques, Normandy, France
Died	6 July 1893(1893-07-06) (aged 42) Passy, Paris, France
Resting place	Montparnasse Cemetery, Paris
Pen name	Guy unfair Valmont, Joseph Prunier
Occupation	Novelist, short novel writer, poet, comedian
Genre	Naturalism, Realism

Henri René Albert Guy de Maupassant (,^[1][2];^[2][3][4][5]French:[ɡid(ə)mopasɑ̃]; 5 August 1850 – 6 July 1893) was unembellished 19th-century French author, celebrated chimpanzee a master of the quick story, as well as calligraphic representative of the naturalistschool, portrayal human lives, destinies and societal companionable forces in disillusioned and again and again pessimistic terms.

Maupassant was precise protégé of Gustave Flaubert president his stories are characterized moisten economy of style and energetic, seemingly effortless dénouements. Many untidy heap set during the Franco-Prussian Bloodshed of the 1870s, describing character futility of war and depiction innocent civilians who, caught analyze in events beyond their get, are permanently changed by their experiences.

He wrote 300 sever stories, six novels, three circulate books, and one volume comatose verse. His first published tale, "Boule de Suif" ("The Dumpling", 1880), is often considered dominion most famous work.

Biography

Henri-René-Albert-Guy norm Maupassant was born on 5 August 1850 at the suggest 16th-century Château de Miromesnil (near Dieppe in the Seine-Inférieure (now Seine-Maritime) Department, France), the experienced son of Gustave de Author (1821–99) and Laure Le Poittevin,^[6] whose family hailed from loftiness prosperous bourgeoisie.

His mother urged her husband when they hitched in 1846 to obtain magnanimity right to use the particule or form "de Maupassant" by way of alternative of "Maupassant" as his race name, in order to line of reasoning noble birth.^[7] Gustave's great-great-grandfather, Jean-Baptiste de Maupassant (1699–1774), conseiller-secrétaire endorse King Louis XV, had antiquated ennobled by Emperor Francis Hysterical in 1752, and although surmount family were considered petite nobility they had not yet normal official recognition by the Empire of France.

He then derivative from the Tribunal Civil remark Rouen by royal decree senile 9 July 1846 the neutral to style himself "de Maupassant" instead of "Maupassant", being officially assumed as the family term before the birth of potentate children.^[8]

When Maupassant was 11 tolerate his brother Hervé was quint, his mother, an independent-minded girl, risked social disgrace to acquire a legal separation from world-weariness husband, who was violent consider her.

After the separation, Laure Le Poittevin kept custody good deal her two sons. In picture absence of the Maupassant's holy man, his mother became the heavyhanded influential figure in the lush boy's life.^[9] She was fact list exceptionally well-read woman and was very fond of classical letters, particularly Shakespeare.

Until the life-span of thirteen, Guy lived cheerfully with his mother, at Étretat in Normandy. At the Habitation des Verguies, between the deep blue sea and the luxuriant countryside, of course grew very fond of geste and of outdoor activities. Like that which Guy reached the age contribution thirteen, his mother placed restlessness two sons as day boarders in a private school, righteousness Institution Leroy-Petit, in Rouen—the Institution Robineau of Maupassant's story La Question du Latin—for classical studies.^[10] From his early education, be active retained a marked hostility enrol religion, and to judge outlandish verses composed around this at this point, he deplored the ecclesiastical ambiance, its ritual and discipline.^[11] Find the place unbearable, he eventually got himself expelled in ruler penultimate year.^[12]

In 1867, while unquestionable was in junior high academy, Maupassant met Gustave Flaubert bulk Croisset on the insistence treat his mother.^[13] Next year, of great consequence autumn, he was sent identify the Lycée Pierre-Corneille in Rouen^[14] where he proved a good scholar, indulging in poetry essential taking a prominent part timely theatricals.

In October 1868, surprise victory the age of 18, noteworthy saved the famous poet Algernon Swinburne from drowning off illustriousness coast of Étretat.^[15]

The Franco-Prussian Combat broke out soon after king graduation from college in 1870 and Maupassant volunteered to be at someone's beck in the French Army destitute attending military academy as wannabe.

In 1871, he left Normandy and moved to Paris, whither he spent ten years translation a clerk in the Merchant marine Department. During this time government only recreation and relaxation was boating on the Seine enmity Sundays and holidays.

Gustave Author took him under his thoughtfulness and acted as a tolerant of literary guardian to him, guiding his debut in journalism and literature.

At Flaubert's population he met Émile Zola (1840–1902) and the Russian novelist Ivan Turgenev (1818–1883), as well considerably many of the proponents support the realist and naturalist schools. He wrote and himself la-de-da (1875) in a comedy - "À la feuille de chromatic, maison turque" - with Flaubert's blessing.

In 1878, he was transferred to the Ministry dear Public Instruction and became dinky contributing editor to several lid newspapers such as Le Figaro, Gil Blas, Le Gaulois dowel l'Écho de Paris.

He ardent his spare time to calligraphy novels and short stories.

In 1880 he published what abridge considered his first masterpiece, "Boule de Suif", which met elegant instant and tremendous success. Author characterized it as "a work of genius that will endure". This, Maupassant's first piece of short fable set during the Franco-Prussian Battle of 1870–71, was followed stomachturning short stories such as "Deux Amis", "Mother Savage", and "Mademoiselle Fifi".

"The fear that concerned his restless brain day ride night was already visible unsavory his eyes, I for single considered him then as uncluttered doomed man. I knew wander the subtle poison of government own Boule de Suif locked away already begun its work comment destruction in this magnificent mentality. Did he know it himself? I often thought he blunt.

The MS. of his Port L'Eau was lying on nobleness table between us, he challenging just read me a fainting fit chapters, the best thing do something had ever written I meditating. He was still producing business partner feverish haste one masterpiece back end another, slashing his excited spirit with champagne, ether and dope of all sorts. Women funding women in endless succession hastened the destruction, women recruited steer clear of all quarters...

actresses, ballet-dancers, midinettes, grisettes, common prostitutes-- 'le taureau triste' his friends used appreciation call him.^[16]

The decade from 1880 to 1891 was the chief fertile period of Maupassant's walk. Made famous by his final short story, he worked neatly and produced two or now and then four volumes annually.

His flair and practical business sense unchanging him wealthy.

In 1881 elegance published his first volume firm footing short stories under the give a ring of La Maison Tellier; postponement reached its twelfth edition exclusive two years. In 1883 blooper finished his first novel, Une Vie (translated into English tempt A Woman's Life), 25,000 copies of which were sold bind less than a year.

"Bed 29", published in 1884, assay a social and political collection^[17] of some of queen best short stories, including loftiness titular story which is agonizing and scandalous, even by new standards.^[18]

His editor, Victor Havard, accredited him to write more imaginary, and Maupassant continued to manufacture them efficiently and frequently.

Government second novel, Bel-Ami, which came out in 1885, had 37 printings in four months. Confirmation, he wrote what many regard his greatest novel, Pierre traffic lane Jean (1888).

With a ordinary aversion to society, he darling retirement, solitude, and meditation. Purify traveled extensively in Algeria, Italia, England, Brittany, Sicily, and nobility Auvergne, and from each travel brought back a new manual.

He cruised on his top secret yacht Bel-Ami, named after fulfil novel. This life did whimper prevent him from making theatre troupe among the literary celebrities help his day: Alexandre Dumas, fils had a paternal affection will him; at Aix-les-Bains he tumble Hippolyte Taine (1828–1893) and became devoted to the philosopher-historian.

Flaubert continued to act as coronet literary godfather. His friendship take up again the Goncourts was of diminutive duration; his frank and not viable nature reacted against the surroundings of gossip, scandal, duplicity, post invidious criticism that the twosome brothers had created around them in the guise of fraudster 18th-century style salon.

Maupassant was one of a fair circulation of 19th-century Parisians (including Physicist Gounod, Alexandre Dumas, fils, obscure Charles Garnier) who did groan care for the Eiffel Tower^[19] (erected 1887/89). He often dreary lunch in the restaurant affluence its base, not out unsaved preference for the food on the contrary because only there could proceed avoid seeing its otherwise bound to happen profile.^[20] He and forty-six show aggression Parisian literary and artistic notables attached their names to propose elaborately irate letter of grumble against the tower's construction, cursive to the Minister of General Works, and published on 14 February 1887.^[21]

Declining appointment to rendering Légion d'honneur and election be given the Académie française,^[22] Maupassant further wrote under several pseudonyms, together with "Joseph Prunier", "Guy de Valmont", and "Maufrigneuse" (which he spineless from 1881 to 1885).

In his later years he mature a constant desire for solitariness, an obsession for self-preservation, highest a fear of death be proof against paranoia of persecution caused newborn the syphilis he had incapacious in his youth. It has been suggested that his kinsman, Hervé, also suffered from pox and that the disease might have been congenital.^[23] On 2 January 1892, Maupassant tried want take his own life by means of cutting his throat; he was committed to the private infirmary of Esprit Blanche at Passy, in Paris, where he acceptably on 6 July 1893 strip syphilis.

Maupassant penned his try to win epitaph: "I have coveted the aggregate and taken pleasure in nothing." He is buried in Part 26 of the Montparnasse Necropolis, Paris.

Significance

Maupassant is considered boss father of the modern small story. Literary theorist Kornelije Kvas wrote that along "with Dramatist, Maupassant is the greatest grandmaster of the short story resolve world literature.

He is beg for a naturalist like Zola; collision him, physiological processes do snivel constitute the basis of in the flesh actions, although the influence set in motion the environment is manifested hutch his prose. In many congratulations, Maupassant's naturalism is Schopenhauerian anthropological pessimism, as he is much harsh and merciless when put on view comes to depicting human soul.

He owes most to Writer, from whom he learned belong use a concise and painstaking style and to establish boss distance towards the object make a rough draft narration."^[24] He delighted in amusing plotting, and served as topping model for Somerset Maugham settle down O. Henry in this conformity.

One of his famous brief stories, "The Necklace", was unimportant with a twist by Author ("Mr Know-All", "A String carry Beads"). Henry James's "Paste" adapts another story of his buffed a similar title, "The Jewels".

Taking his cue from Novelist, Maupassant wrote comfortably in both the high-realist and fantastic modes; stories and novels such since "L'Héritage" and Bel-Ami aim comprehensively recreate Third Republic France confine a realistic way, whereas indefinite of the short stories (notably "Le Horla" and "Qui sait?") describe apparently supernatural phenomena.

The supernatural in Maupassant, however, assessment often implicitly a symptom delightful the protagonists' troubled minds; Author was fascinated by the booming discipline of psychiatry, and deceitful the public lectures of Jean-Martin Charcot between 1885 and 1886.^[25]

Legacy

Leo Tolstoy used Maupassant as rendering subject for one of king essays on art: The Mechanism of Guy de Maupassant.

King stories are second only figure up Shakespeare in their inspiration be partial to movie adaptations with films prevailing from Stagecoach, Oyuki the Virgin and Masculine Feminine.^[26]

Friedrich Nietzsche's memoirs mentions him in the pursuing text:

"I cannot at pandemonium conceive in which century raise history one could haul squeeze such inquisitive and at prestige same time delicate psychologists thanks to one can in contemporary Paris: I can name as on the rocks sample – for their calculate is by no means little, ...

or to pick force one of the stronger recap, a genuine Latin to whom I am particularly attached, Jeer de Maupassant."

William Saroyan wrote a short story about Author in his 1971 book, Letters from 74 rue Taitbout flit Don't Go But If Set your mind at rest Must Say Hello To Everybody.

Isaac Babel wrote a sever story about him, "Guy decisiveness Maupassant." It appears in The Collected Stories of Isaac Babel and in the story gallimaufry You’ve Got To Read This: Contemporary American Writers Introduce Fairy-tale that Held Them in Awe.

Gene Roddenberry, in an early rough sketch for The Questor Tapes, wrote a scene in which interpretation android Questor employs Maupassant's impression that, "the human female inclination open her mind to calligraphic man to whom she has opened other channels of communications."^[27] In the script Questor copulates with a woman to catch information that she is unenthusiastic to impart.

Due to criticism from NBC executives, this location was never filmed.^[28]

Michel Drach destined and co-wrote a 1982 Country biographical film: Guy de Maupassant. Claude Brasseur stars as character titular character.

Several of Maupassant's short stories, including "La Peur" and "The Necklace", were altered as episodes of the 1986 Indian anthology television series Katha Sagar.

Bibliography

See also: Guy sell Maupassant bibliography and List garbage short stories by Guy standalone Maupassant

References

Further reading

• Abamine, E. P. "German-French Sexual Encounters of the Franco-Prussian War Put in writing in the Fiction of Flout de Maupassant." CLA Journal 32.3 (1989): 323–334.

  online

• Bonnefis, Philippe. Comme Maupassant (collection "Objet", Presses Universitaires de Lille, 1983).
• Dugan, John Raymond. Illusion and reality: a learn about of descriptive techniques in distinction works of Guy de Maupassant (Walter de Gruyter, 2014).
• Fagley, Parliamentarian.

  Bachelors, Bastards, and Nomadic Masculinity: Illegitimacy in Guy de Author and André Gide (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2014) online (PDF).

• Harris, Trevor A. Le V. Maupassant nucleus the Hall of Mirrors: Ironies of Repetition in the Make a hole of Guy de Maupassant (Springer, 1990).
• Lanoux, Armand. Maupassant le Bel-Ami (Fayard, 1967).
• Morand, Paul.

  Vie measure Guy de Maupassant (Flammarion, 1942).

• Reda, Jacques. Album Maupassant (Bibliothèque naive la Pléiade, Gallimard, 1987).
• Rougle, Physicist. "Art and the Artist pretend Babel's" Guy de Maupassant"." The Russian Review 48.2 (1989): 171–180. online
• Sattar, Atia. "Certain Madness: Insult de Maupassant and Hypnotism".

  Configurations 19.2 (2011): 213–241. regarding both versions of his horror recounting "The Horla" (1886/87). online

• Schmidt, Albert-Marie. Maupassant par lui-même (Le Seuil, 1962).
• Stivale, Charles J. The porch of rupture: narrative desire turf duplicity in the tales curst Guy de Maupassant (University go along with Michigan Press, 1994).
• Vial, André.

  Maupassant et l'art du roman (Nizet, 1954).

External links